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CEREMONIHS 


AT  THE 


.AYING  OF  THE  CORNER  STONE 


OF  THE 


ARMY  WAR  COLLEGE  BUILDING 


AT 


WASHINGTON  BARRACKS 

WITH 

THE   ADDRESSES    AND    INVOCATION    DELIVERED    ON 
THE   OCCASION 


February  21,  ipoj 


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CEREMONIES 


It  was  desired  orioinally  to  have  the  ceremony  take  place  on  the 
birthday  of  Washington,  February  22,  but  as  this  anniversary 
occurred  on  Sunday,  it  was  decided  to  select  the  day  preceding. 

The  details  of  the  ceremony  were  prepared  by  Capt.  John  Stephen 
Sewell,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  under  the  direction  of 
Brig,  Gen.  G.  L.  Gillespie,  Chief  of  Engineers,  who  was  appointed 
master  of  ceremonies  by  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War.  They 
were  submitted  to  the  War  College  Board  and  approved  b}^  them 
before  execution.  Everything  was  arranged  with  a  view  to  the 
participation,  as  far  as  possible,  of  all  branches  of  the  military 
service.  The  operation  of  setting  the  stone  was,  by  invitation, 
performed  according  to  Masonic  rites,  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  At  the  site  of  the  corner  stone  two 
stands  were  erected,  one  for  the  special  accommodation  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  those  taking  part  in  the  ceremony,  and 
one  for  the  invited  guests. 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  accompanied  by  Hon.  John 
Hay,  Secretary  of  State;  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War;  Hon. 
George  B.  Cortelyou,  Secretary  of  Conunerce  and  Labor;  Col.  Theo- 
dore A.  Bingham,  U.  S.  Army,  military  aid,  and  Capt.  W.  S.  Cowles, 


tr.  S.  Nav}',  naval  aid,  was  escorted  from  and  to  the  White  House 
b}^  Troop  F,  Second  Cavalry,  Capt.  Llo3"d  M.  Brett  commanding. 

Addresses  were  made  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  b}-  the 
honorable  Secretary  of  War,  and  by  Maj.  Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young-, 
president  of  the  War  College  Board.  Mr.  C.  F.  McKim,  of  the  firm 
of  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  architects  of  the  War  College  building, 
was  introduced,  but  merely  acknowledged  the  introduction  and  made 
no  address. 

The  invited  guests  included  members  of  the  Cabinet,  the  diplomatic 
corps,  the  justices  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  the  United 
States  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  the  Lieutenant-General 
Commanding  the  Army,  the  Admiral  of  the  Navy,  and  other  officers 
of  the  Army  and  the  Navy  in  Washington,  the  major-general  com- 
manding the  Department  of  the  East,  representatives  of  the  press, 
the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  justices  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  supreme  court,  the  general  officer  commanding 
the  District  of  Columbia  militia  and  his  stall',  and  the  commandants 
of  the  Military  Academy  and  the  various  army  service  schools,  besides 
a  number  of  individuals  who,  for  various  reasons,  were  interested  in 
the  ceremony. 

At  the  site  of  the  stone  the  following  order  of  exercises  was 
observed: 

ORDER   OF    EXERCISES. 

1.  Invocation,  by  Right  Rev.  Henry  Y.  Satterlee,  Bishop  of  Wash 
ington. 

2.  Music. 

3.  Address  )\y  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

4.  Music. 

5.  Address  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

6.  Address  by  Maj.  Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young,  president  of  the  A\'ar 
CoUeo-e. 


T.  Tjiiviiiji-  oF  the  coriuM'  stone  Mccordino-  to  Masonic  rites,  under 
tlie  auspices  of  the  Grand  Lodoc  of  the  District  of  Cohnnl)ia. 

8.  Benediction,  )3,y  Kij^-ht  Kev.  Henry  Y.  Satterlee,  Bishop  of 
Washin»^ton. 

Brig-.  Gen.  G.  L.  Gillespie,  Chief  of  P'^ngincers,  U.  S.  Army,  mas- 
ter of  ceremonies,  opened  the  exercises  by  the  introduction  of  liishop 
Satterlee,  as  follows: 

"The  exercises  for  laying  the  corner  stone  of  the  War  College, 
U.  S.  Army,  will  open  with  an  invocation  l)y  the  Right  Reverend  tlie 
Bishop  of  Washington." 

The  invocation  by  the  bishop  was  as  follows: 

INVOCATION. 

''Our  Father  Who  art  in  heaven,  hallowed  l)c  Thy  name.  Thy 
kingdom  come.  Thy  will  be  done  on  earth,  as  it  is  in  heaven.  Give 
us  this  day  our  daily  bread.  And  forgive  us  our  trespasses,  as  we 
forgive  those  who  trespass  against  us.  And  lead  us  not  into  tempta- 
tion, but  deliver  us  from  evil:  For  Thine  is  the  kingdom,  and  the 
power,  and  the  gior}",  forever  and  ever.     Amen. 

"Almighty  God,  Whose  kingdom  is  everlasting  and  power  infinite, 
have  mercy  upon  this  Avhole  land;  and  so  rule  the  hearts  of  Thy 
servants,  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  all  others  in  author- 
ity, that  they,  knowing  whose  ministers  they  are,  may  above  all 
things  seek  Thy  honor  and  glory;  and  that  we  and  all  the  people, 
duly  considering  whose  authority  they  bear,  may  faithfully  and 
obediently  honor  them,  in  Thee,  and  for  Thee,  according  to  Thy 
Ijlessed  word  and  ordinance,  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord,  Who 
with  Thee  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  liveth  and  reigneth,  one  God,  Avorld 
without  end.  Amen.  [  From  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer.] 
9, 


6 

"O  Almighty  God,  the  Sovereign  Coimnandcr  of  all  the  world, 
Who  sittest  in  the  throne,  judging-  right,  we  beseech  Thee  to  bless  with 
Thy  favor  the  Army  of  these  United  States  of  America,  that  it  may 
be  a  strong  defense  to  our  country  and  protection  to  her  institutions; 
especially  do  we  ask  Thee  to  prosper  our  handiwork  in  the  foundation 
of  this  War  College,  that  it  may  be  a  school  of  sound  learning  and 
true  heroism.  Develop  in  our  country  the  principles  of  law  and 
order;  direct  and  dispose  the  hearts  of  our  rulers,  that  they  may  truly 
and  impartially  administer  justice,  to  the  punishment  of  wickedness 
and  vice,  and  to  the  maintenance  of  true  religion  and  virtue.  And 
grant  that  the  course  of  this  world  may  be  so  ordered  by  Thy  govern- 
ance that  peace  and  happiness,  truth  and  justice,  temperance  and 
fortitude,  may  characterize  our  nation  through  all  generations, 
through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord.     Amen." 

The  musical  selection  w^as  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner." 

The  master  of  ceremonies  then  introduced  the  President  of  the 
United  States  with  the  following  words: 

"  We  are  fortunate  in  having  with  us  to-day  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  give  emphasis  by  his  presence  to  the  high  purposes 
for  which  the  Army  War  College  is  to  be  erected.  It  is  most  fitting 
that  he  should  be  present  at  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone,  to  dedicate 
it  in  words  which  shall  go  forth  to  the  Army  as  an  incentive  to  every 
eligible  officer  to  fit  himself  by  earnest  preparation  for  selection  to 
receive  the  advanced  instruction  proposed  to  be  given  in  the  college. 
It  is  a  significant  fact  that  this  is  the  centennial  year  of  the  original 
occupancy  of  this  reservation  for  military  purposes." 

The  address  of  the  President  was  as  follows: 

"Gentlemen  and  Ladies:  It  should  be  a  matter  of  pride  and 
congratulation  to  every  American  citizen  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
his  country  that  to-day  we  lay  the  foundation  stone  of   a  building 


PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT. 


the  erection  of  which  signalizes  a  lono-  stride  forward  in  securing  the 
efficiency  of  the  United  States  Army,  a  step  h\ss  important  than  that 
marked  by  the  enactment  of  the  hiw  to  create  a  general  staif,  l)ut  a 
step  supplementing  the  passage  of  the  act,  rounding  it  out  and  ren- 
dering it  of  a  far  wid(M-  and  far  deeper  usefulness. 

"One  word  first  to  the  nation  and  then  another  word  to  the  Army. 
To  the  nation  first:  It  has  well  been  said  that  the  surest  way  to  invite 
national  disaster  is  for  a  nation  to  be  opulent,  aggressive,  and 
unarmed.  [Applause.]  The  nation  that  is  rich,  that  is  so  high 
spirited  as  to  be  somewhat  careless  of  giving  offense,  and  that 
refrains  from  that  preparedness  which  is  absolutely  necessar}^  if 
efficiency  in  war  is  ever  to  be  shown — such  a  nation  is  laying  deep 
the  foundation  for  humiliation  and  disaster.  As  a  people,  whether 
we  will  or  not,  we  have  reached  the  stage  when  we  must  play  a  great 
part  in  the  world.  It  is  not  open  to  us  to  decide  whether  or  not  we 
shall  play  it.  All  we  have  to  decide  is  whether  we  shall  play  it  well 
or  ill.  The  part  is  before  us.  We  have  to  play  it.  All  that  it  rests 
for  us  to  do  is  to  say  that  we  will  play  it  well.     [Applause.] 

"This  nation  has,  by  the  mere  trend  of  events,  been  forced  into 
a  position  of  world  power  during  the  past  few  years.  It  has  respon- 
sibilities resting  upon  it  here  in  the  Occident  and  in  the  Orient  as 
well.  It  can  not  bear  these  responsibilities  aright  unless  its  voice  is 
potent  for  peace  and  justice,  as  its  voice  can  be  potent  for  peace  and 
justice  only  on  condition  of  its  being  thoroughly  understood  that  we 
ask  peace,  not  in  the  spirit  of  the  weakling  and  the  craven,  but  with 
the  assured  self-confidence  of  the  just  man  armed.     [Loud  applause.] 

"So  much  for  the  lesson  to  be  learned  by  our  people  from  the 
movement  in  which  the  erection  of  this  building  is  a  part. 

"Now  a  word  to  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Army.  The 
last  two  or  three  years  have  witnessed  a  notable  awakening  in  our 
people  to  the  well-being  of  the  Army.  Our  people  are  understanding 
as  never  before  the  fact  that  the  Army,  like  the  Navy,  will  do  well  in 


war  mainly  in  proportion  as  it  has  been  prepared  well  in  peace;  that 
after  the  war  has  begun  it  is  too  late  for  us  to  prepare  for  the  vic- 
tory. Defeat  wnll  come  inevitably  and  surely  if  the  preparation  is 
put  oti'  until  the  war  begins,  and  victory  wnll  come  if  it  has  ))een 
prepared  for  in  time  of  peace,  and  on  no  other  terms. 

"During  the  session  of  Congress  that  is  now  closing  we  have  seen 
the  first  stride  taken  in  putting  the  National  (luard,  the  militia  of  the 
country,  on  a  footing  of  efficiency;  the  first  long  stride  taken  on  the 
lines  marked  out  by  Washington  himself;  the  first  successful  effort 
made  to  put  into  eftect  Washington's  plea,  which  for  one  hundred  and 
ten  years  was  disregarded  by  our  people.  And,  again,  the  first  long 
stride  has  been  taken  toward  the  modernization,  toward  increasing 
the  efficiency  of  the  Army,  in  accordance  with  modern  methods,  as 
devised  by  Sherman  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago.  It  takes  time 
and  thought  and  care  to  work  out  necessary  reforms.  They  don't 
come  in  a  jump.  All  kinds  of  ol)structions  of  deliberate  purpose, 
obstructions  of  mere  inertia,  obstructions  of  carelessness,  have  to  be 
met  with  and  overcome,  but  at  last  they  are  overcome  if  only  a 
sufficient  intensity  of  purpose  lies  behind  those  backing  the  reform. 
And  now  these  great  steps  have  been  taken. 

"Methods  have  been  provided  for  securing  the  increased  efficiency 
of  the  Army,  and  it  rests  with  the  Army  itself  to  profit  ])y  what  has 
been  done.  More  and  more  it  has  become  evident  in  modern  war 
that  the  efficiency  of  the  unit,  of  the  individual  officer  and  the  indi- 
vidual enlisted  luan  is  going  to  be  the  prime  factor  in  deciding  the 
fate  of  fought  fields. 

"The  exercises  of  the  barracks  and  the  parade  ground  do  not  make 
5  per  cent  of  the  soldier's  real  work  and  do  not  count  for  5  per  cent 
in  his  real  efficiency.  They  are  very  spectacular,  serve  a  good  pur- 
pose, and  must  l)e  well  done,  but  they  count  for  hut  the  smallest  part 
in  the  qualities,  the  sum  of  which  make  the  Army  effective  or  ineffec- 
tive in  actual  service.     Officer  and  man  alike  nuist  l)e  ti-ainod  to  the 


9 

hij^hcst  point  in  the  tlicory  and  in  the  practice  of  the  profession.  Of 
course,  it  is  a  mere  truism  to  say  that  if  the}'  are  ti'ained  in  the  theory 
without  the  crowning  of  practice  they  will  amount  to  nothing;  but 
they  must  have  the  training  and  the  theorj^,  too.  They  must  have 
that  training  or  they  never  can  reach  the  highest  standard  of  perfec- 
tion in  their  art.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  is,  and  it  is  not 
desiral)le  that  it  should  be  otherwise,  a  small  army,  relatively  to  the 
population  of  the  country,  but  we  have  a  right  to  expect  that  the 
small  army  shall  represent  for  its  size  the  very  highest  point  of  effi- 
ciency of  any  army  in  the  civilized  world  [applause],  and  I  have  the 
most  absolute  faith  that  to  that  degree  of  efficiency  it  will  attain,  and 
that  it  will  attain  it  in  no  small  part  because  of  the  wise  and  zealous 
use  it  will  make  of  the  opportunities  afi'orded  by  the  erection  of  this 
very  building."     [Applause.] 

The  next  musical  selection  was  "Hail,  Columbia." 

The  master  of  ceremonies  then  introduced  the  honorable  Secretary 
of  War  with  the  following  words: 

"When  the  Engineer  School  was  transferred  from  New  York  Har- 
bor to  Washington  Barracks  in  the  autumn  of  1901,  it  was  known 
that  the  old  arsenal  buildings  on  this  military  reservation  were  not 
suited  to  the  needs  of  the  Engineer  School  under  the  new  plans  of 
desired  usefulness,  and  when  the  Chief  of  Engineers  presented  to  the 
Secretary  of  War  for  approval  a  project  for  the  erection  of  new 
Iniildings,  together  with  plans  for  enlarging  and  beautifying  the  res- 
ervation, the  Secretary  of  War  gave  it  his  hearty  concurrence,  with 
the  added  injunction  that  a  plot  be  reserved  for  a  war  college. 
Later,  funds  were  made  available  by  him  for  beginning  the  improve- 
ment. The  country  is  therefore  indebted  to  the  Secretary  of  War 
for  taking  the  first  practical  step  toward  giving  the  Army  a  war 
college  and  locating  it  upon  the  military  grounds  within  the  city  of 
Washington. 
3 


10 

"His  indefatigable  labors  in  securing  l)y  legal  enactment  the  funds 
necessary  for  the  complete  construction,  and  his  wise  decision  that 
the  architectural  plans  for  the  buildings  comprising  the  War  College 
and  the  Engineer  School  should  accord  with  the  high  aims  had  in 
view^  in  their  erection,  will  link  his  name,  for  all  time,  with  these 
buildings  and  the  success  of  the  instruction  to  be  given  within  them." 

The  Secretary  of  War  delivered  the  following  address: 
"Not  to  promote  war,  but  to  preserve  peace  by  intelligent  and  ade- 
quate preparation  to  repel  aggression,  this  institution  is  founded.  It 
is  a  growth  and  not  a  new  departure.  It  is  a  natural  and  necessary 
development  of  the  views  with  which  General  Grant  established  the 
artillery  school  at  Fort  Monroe,  General  Sherman  established  the 
infantry  and  cavahy  school  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  General  Sheri- 
dan established  the  school  of  application  for  cavahy  and  light  artillery 
at  Fort  Kiley.  Following  the  same  policy,  an  engineers'  school  of 
application,  a  school  of  submarine  defense,  and  an  army  medical 
school  were  afterwards  established.  All  of  these  institutions  were 
practicall}^  suspended  during  the  war  with  Spain  and  in  the  Philippines. 
"When  the  time  came  for  their  reestablishment  it  had  become  evi- 
dent that  not  merely  restoration,  but  an  advance  and  enlargement  of 
militarv  education  were  demanded  bv  the  enlargement  of  our  Armv, 
the  advance  and  greater  complexity  of  military  science,  the  increased 
proportion  of  officers  who  had  not  the  benefit  of  a  West  Point  educa- 
tion, and  the  wider  range  of  militarv  problems  which  the  possibilities 
of  our  national  growth  force  upon  our  attention.  The  growth  of 
separate  institutions  had  reached  a  point  where  their  efficiency  could 
be  increased  and  the  results  of  their  work  could  be  utilized  best  b}^ 
bringing  them  into  relation  as  parts  of  a  general  S3\stem  of  military 
education  under  the  inspection  and  supervision  of  a  single  coordinat- 
ing and  controlling  body,  and  b}^  supplementing  their  Avork  with  a 
post-graduate  course  which  should  carry  their  best  men  onward  along 


HON.    ELIHU    ROOT,   SECRETARY   OF   WAR. 


11 

the  lines  of  research  and  of  thouoht  l»y  which  experience  and  theory 
combine  to  the  making  of  .skillful  commanders  of  armies. 

"Such  a  system  the  Army  is  now  putting-  in  force  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible. The  controlling  and  directing  body  is  the  War  College  Board, 
consisting  of  live  oilicers  of  rank,  specially  detailed,  and  the  Chief  of 
Engineers,  the  Chief  of  Artillery,  the  Superintendent  of  the  AN'est 
Point  Military  Academy,  and  the  connnandant  of  the  Leavenworth 
School,  all  under  the  presidency  of  that  gallant,  experienced,  and  able 
soldier,  Maj.  Gen.  Samuel  B.  M.  Young.  Under  their  direction  the 
school  at  Fort  Leavenworth  has  been  reestablished  and  reorganized  as 
a  general  service  and  staff  college,  with  the  school  at  Fort  Rile}'^  as  an 
accessory  school  of  application.  The  special-service  schools  have  ])een 
reestablished.  A  system  of  schools  has  been  established  at  the  prin- 
cipal posts  and  is  being  extended  to  all  the  considerable  posts  of  the 
country,  under  which  a  compulsory  course,  following  a  prescribed 
curriculum,  is  required  from  all  junior  officers.  It  is  the  design  of 
the  board,  already  provided  b}"  general  orders,  that  the  best  men 
from  the  post  schools  shall  be  graded  up  to  the  Leavenworth  Col- 
lege and  the  special-service  schools;  that  the  best  men  from  the 
Leavenworth  College  and  the  special -service  schools  shall  be  graded 
up  to  the  post-graduate  course  of  the  war  college,  there  to  study 
and  confer  upon  the  great  problems  of  national  defense,  of  military 
science,  and  of  responsible  command.  The  courses  of  instruction  in 
all  the  schools  at  all  stages  are  in  the  highest  degree  practical  as  well 
as  theoretical,  and  military  aptitude  tested  by  the  exercise  of  actual 
command  will  hold  a  leading  place  in  the  determination  of  merit.  To 
the  men  thus  sifted  out  from  the  great  mass  of  officers  by  the  demon- 
stration of  superior  intelligence  and  devotion  to  their  profession  the 
Commander  in  Chief  will  naturally  turn  for  details  to  important  serv- 
ice and  promotion  to  higher  rank. 

"Membership  in  the  War  College  will  mean  honor  and  opportunity. 
In  its  confidential  archives  will  be  garnered  the  results  of  the  best 


12 

thought  of  the  Army,  and  in  the  continuous  existence  of  the  insti- 
tution, alwa3"s  changing  in  its  elements  as  men  come  and  go.  but 
remaining  itself  unchanged,  will  be  found  continuity  of  knowledge, 
of  thought,  and  of  military  policy  alwa3's  available  for  practical  uses 
under  the  supervision  of  the  general  staff,  of  which  the  War  CpUege 
Board  will  form  a  part. 

"It  is  a  common  observation,  and  a  true  one,  that  practical  quali- 
ties in  a  soldier  are  more  important  than  a  knowledge  of  theory,  but 
this  truth  has  often  been  made  the  excuse  for  indolence  and  indiffer- 
ence, which,  except  in  rare  and  gifted  individuals,  destro}^  practical 
efficiency.  It  is  also  true  that,  other  things  being  equal,  the  officer 
who  keeps  his  mind  alert  by  intellectual  exercise,  and  who  systemat- 
ically studies  the  reasons  of  action  and  the  materials  and  conditions 
and  difficulties  with  which  he  may  have  to  deal,  will  be  the  stronger 
practical  man  and  the  better  soldier.  The  same  considerations  which 
have  led  individual  enterprise  to  build  up  the  great  universities  and 
technical  schools,  to  which  the  graduates  of  our  schools  and  colleges 
resort  to  perfect  themselves  in  every  profession  and  in  every  branch 
of  applied  science,  apply  with  equal  force  to  education  in  the  science 
of  war.  It  is  fitting  that  our  Government  should  profit  b}^  the  lesson 
which  all  its  citizens  have  learned — that  for  success  in  any  business 
the  evolution  from  the  simple  to  the  complex  nmst  be  accompanied 
by  a  more  perfect  system,  a  more  careful  selection  of  agents,  and  a 
})roader  training  of  the  men  upon  whom  fall  the  responsibilities  of 
control. 

"No  better  illustration  of  the  necessity  of  such  an  institution  as 
this,  and  of  a  general  staff'  to  make  its  work  effective,  can  be  found 
than  in  the  fate  which  befell  the  work  of  a  soldier  to  whose  memory 
1  wish  to  pay  honor  to-day — Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  Emory  Upton,  colonel 
of  the  Fourth  Artillery.  Graduated  from  West  Point  in  the  year 
1861,  he  became,  while  almost  a  ))oy,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
officers  of  the  civil  war.     He  connuanded  successively  a  battery  of 


13 

artillery,  a  rco-inuMit  oJ"  iiifiuitry.  a  brigade  of  infantry,  a  ))rio-!i(lc  of 
artillery,  and  a  division  of  ca\alrv.  Constantly  in  the  field,  he 
exhibited  in  camp  and  march  and  in  scores  of  battles  dauntless  and 
brilliant  courage,  strict  and  successful  discipline,  and  the  highest 
qualities  of  connnaud.  Professor  Michie,  revered  authority,  said  of 
him: 

"'No  one  can  read  the  story  of  his  brilliant  career  without  con- 
cluding that  he  had  a  real  genius  for  war,  together  with  all  the 
theoretical  and  practical  knowledge  which  any  one  could  accjuire  in 
regard  to  it.  He  was  the  equal,  if  not  th(>  superior,  of  Hoche, 
Dessaix.  or  Skobeleff  in  all  the  military  accomi)lishments  and  vir- 
tues, and  up  to  the  time  when  he  was  disabled  b}'  the  disease 
w^hich  caused  his  death  he  was,  all  things  considered,  the  most 
accomplished  soldier  in  our  service.  His  life  was  pure  and  up- 
right, his  Ijearing  chivalric  and  commanding,  his  conduct  modest 
and  unassmuing,  and  his  character  absolutely  without  blemish. 
Histor}'  can  not  furnish  a  brighter  example  of  unseltish  patriotism 
or  of  ambition  uiisidlied  by  an  ignoble  thought  or  an  unworthy 
deed.^ 

"After  the  close  of  the  civil  war  he  addressed  himself  to  the 
task  of  interpreting  the  lessons  of  that  war  to  his  countr3'men  for 
the  improvement  of  our  military  system.  Of  his  own  motion  he 
devised  a  new  S3\stem  of  tactics,  which,  being  capable  of  adoption 
l\y  a  simple  militar}-  order,  was  adopted  and  revolutionized  the 
tactics  of  the  army.  On  the  reconmiendation  of  General  Sherman, 
he  was  sent  around  the  world  with  two  associate  officers  to  study 
the  armies  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  upon  his  return  he  made  a 
report  which  gave  the  results  of  all  his  acciunulated  experience 
and  observation.  He  recommended  the  three  battalion  formation 
in  cavalry  and  infantr}-  regiments.  He  recommended  interchange- 
able service  in  staff  and  line,  as  against  the  permanent  staff'  de- 
partments. He  j'econnnended  examination  as  a  condition  to  promo- 
4 


14 

tion.  He  recoiiniiendcd  the  establishnieiit  of  a  oonenil  stnlV,  and  he 
recommended  the  general  and  systematic  extension  of  military  edu- 
cation. His  recommendations  had  behind  them  all  the  prestige  of 
his  brilliant  military  (career.  They  had  the  advocacy  and  support 
of  the  great  soldier  who  then  commanded  the  American  armies — 
General  Sherman.  They  embodied  the  practical  lessons  of  the  civil 
war  and  the  results  of  military  science  throughout  the  world.  Yet 
his  voice  was  as  the  voice  of  one  crying  in  the  wilderness.  The 
Government  did  not  even  print  his  report,  but,  with  those  of  his 
associates,  it  was  filed  in  manuscript  and  forgotten  among  the  millions 
of  documents  in  the  archives  of  the  War  Department. 

"General  Upton  subsequently^  printed  the  report  himself  for  the 
benefit  of  the  public  through  a  private  publisher.  A  copy  may 
now  and  then  be  found  at  a  second-hand  bookstore.  More  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  later,  and  long  after  death  had  ended  the 
restless  striving  of  that  far-seeing  intelligence,  other  men  working 
out  the  same  problems  with  which  he  dealt  found  the  sanit}"  and 
wisdom  of  his  conclusions  and  gave  them  effect.  Were  Upton  liv- 
ing to-day,  still  upon  the  active  list  of  the  Army,  he  would  see  all 
the  great  reforms  for  which  he  contended  substantially  secured — the 
three-battalion  S3'^stem,  the  interchangeability  of  staff  and  line,  exam- 
ination for  promotion,  and  now,  b}^  the  wisdom  of  the  present  Con- 
gress, the  establishment  of  a  general  staff'  and  the  completion  of 
the  sj'stem  of  military  education  under  the  controlling  body,  which 
will  find  its  permanent  home  in  the  building  whose  corner  stone 
we  la}^  to-day. 

"Many  another  ofl:cer  has  studied  and  striven  and  written  and 
appealed  in  vain  for  improvements  in  the  military  service  and  has 
passed  away,  and  he  and  his  work  have  been  forgotten.  The 
helplessness  of  the  single  individual  who  seeks  to  improve  a  system 
has  settled  into  hopelessness.  The  wisdom  acquired  in  each  officer's 
experience  has  been  buried  with  him.     Only  an  institution,  perpetual 


Drawing  No.      I  itEvuzD 
Da*.eNo«™iw20'-"   1902  J 
Made  by    T)v< 


r  r 


MEMBERS  OF  THE   WAR   COLLEGE    BOARD,    FEBRUARY   21,    1903. 


1.  MaJ.  Gen.  Samuel  B.  M.  Young 

2.  Brie.  Gen.  J.  Franklin  Bell. 

3.  Brig.  Gen.  George  L.  Gillespie. 

4.  Brig.  Gen.  William  H,  Carter, 


9.   Maj.  William  D.  Beach. 


5.  Brig.  Gen.  Tasl<er  H.  Bliss. 

6.  Brig.  Gen.  Wallace  F.  Randolph. 

7.  Col.  Albert  L.  Mills. 

8.   Maj.  Henry  A.  Greene. 


15 

but  iilwa3's  cliangino-  in  its  individual  elemouts,  in  which,  ])v  con- 
ference and  discussion,  a  consensus  of  matured  opinion  can  he 
reached,  can  perpetuate  the  results  of  individual  etlort,  secure 
continuity  of  niilitar}'  policy,  and  command  for  its  authorized 
conclusive  expressions  of  military  jud^-ment  upon  military  questions 
the  respect   and   eifectiveness  to  which  that  judgnient  is  entitled. 

"I  am  sure  that  I  speak  truly  when  1  say  the  Presidents  and 
Congresses  and  Secretaries  of  War  invariably  desire  such  aid  in 
the  performance  of  their  duties,  and  for  this  I  look  with  hope  and 
confidence  to  the  General  Staff  of  the  Army  and  its  great  adjunct, 
the  War  College,  which  we  are  now  establishing." 

The  master  of  ceremonies  then  introduced  the  president  of  the 
War  College,  as  follows: 

"I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  first  president  of  the  Arm}'  War 
College,  Maj.  Gen.  S.  B.  M,  Young,  U.  S.  Army." 

General  Young  delivered  the  following  address: 

"It  is  said  by  one  of  the  most  careful  writers  and  military  stu- 
dents of  our  mother  country  that  'The  main  qualities  which 
characterize  the  American  soldier  from  the  European  soldier  are 
shrewdness,  strength,  valor,  and  personal  intelligence.  The  natural 
initiative  of  the  American  and  the  general  fearlessness  of  responsi- 
bilit}"  are  as  conspicuous  among  the  soldiers  as  in  the  nation  at 
large.' 

"  When  we  contemplate  the  colossal  sacrifice  of  human  life  in  the 
Federal  and  Confederate  armies  during  the  civil  war  on  the  altar  of 
patriotism  and  love  of  country  for  principles  which,  although  dia- 
metrically opposed,  were  equally  dear  to  their  hearts,  we  are  pro- 
foundly impressed  with  the  inheritance  of  grand  qualities  of  our 
people  which  enable  them  to  give  their  lives  a  willing  sacrifice  for 
their  country.      This  unselfish  patriotism  displa^'ed  by  the  soldiers 


16 

of  our  countrv  during  the  civil  war  conimandod  the  udiuiriition  of 
the  world.  Neither  Northerner  nor  Southerner  considered  his  life 
the  most  precious  of  earthly  possessions. 

"The  children  of  these  men  are,  as  much  as  may  be,  to  become  the 
beneficiaries  of  this  War  College,  directly  or  indirectly  or  remotely. 
We  owe  it  to  them  that  they  shall  have  fair  opportunity  for  dis- 
cipline of  the  mind;  for  improving-  and  fostering  those  inherent 
qualities  which  gave  birth  to  our  nation,  which  guarded  us  in  our 
infancy,  which  sustained  us  in  childhood,  and  which  carried  us  to 
where  we  stand  to-day,  the  leading  nation  of  the  world.  We  owe 
it  to  the  memory  of  those  brave  patriots  who  sacrificed  their  lives 
on  the  field  of  glory  that  we  might  live  and  enjoy  the  government 
of  the  most  benevolent  of  nations.  Rather  than  assume  that  sol- 
diers are  consumed  b}-  an  inordinate  and  bloodthirsty  aml)ition,  it 
is  better  to  believe  that  a  man  who  has  been  brought  up  from  his 
youth  to  render  loyal  obedience  is  less  likely  to  run  counter  to  con- 
stituted authority  than  one  who  has  not.  Our  armies  in  Cuba,  in 
Porto  Rico,  and  in  the  Philippines  turned  over  their  conquests  to 
civil  officers  as  soon  as  the  war  had  ceased. 

"The  solid  foundation  of  the  unselfish  patriotism  of  the  Ameri- 
can soldier  is  his  great  pride  in  the  manhood  of  his  race.  Having 
gained  this  prominence  among  nations,  we  must  be  diligent  and 
vigilant  to  maintain  this  supremacy  by  a  studious,  righteous,  and 
just  system  of  national  administration  and  international  relations. 

"In  all  nations  war  is  the  instrument  of  diplomacy;  in  our  coun- 
try the  soldier  is  the  servant  of  the  State.  There  is,  then,  a  log- 
ical reason  for  this  institution  for  the  laying  of  whose  corner  stone 
we  are  assembled  here  to-day  under  the  shadow  of  the  Capitol  of 
our  country. 

"The  art  of  war  is  difficult.  To  apply  strategic  principles  correctly, 
the  conunander  must  be  able  to  accommodate  strategy  to  political 
exio-encies.      He    nnist   have  a   clear   knowledge   of   mon   as  \vi>ll  as 


17 

questions  of  supplies  jukI  transportation  in  ail  tiicir  numerous 
branches,  of  sanitation,  and  of  every  detail  concerning  the  moral 
and  physical  well-being  of  his  troops.  But  as  it  is  impossible  for 
a  commander  to  personally  superintend  all  the  details  necessary  to 
the  thorough  preparation  of  an  army  for  efficient  field  operations, 
he  nuist  l)e  surrounded  by  an  efficient  staff — a  body  of  trained 
officers  who  have  studied  and  worked  out  to  a  successful  solution 
all  problems  in  these  <piestions  and  who  realize  the  enormous 
responsibilities  that  rest  on  the  conmiander  who  has  in  his  keeping 
not  only  the  lives  of  the  patriotic  soldiers,  but  the  honor  and  the 
life  of  his  government.  The  fate  of  a  battle  may  sometimes  depend 
on  a  matter  that  would  appear  of  small  importance  to  the  uneducated 
soldier. 

"Knowledge  gained  by  study  or  born  of  experience,  or  that  which 
is  better,  study  and  experience,  is  essential  in  preparation  for  war. 
The  best  means  to  avert  a  war  is  to  be  fully  prepared  for  it. 
When  war  is  inevitable,  it  should  be  made  quick,  and  the  contest 
should  be  made  short,  sharp,  and  decisive  as  the  full  power  of  our 
Gov^ernment  and  the  best  ability  of  our  country  could  make  it.  It 
is  the  duty  of  the  War  College  Board  to  carry  out  the  intentions 
and  purposes  of  our  honored  Commander  in  Chief  and  his  most 
worthy  Secretary  of  War  to  see  to  it  that  the  young  officers  of 
our  Army  shall  have  full  opportunity  for  attaining  a  high  grade  of 
efficiency  in  their  chosen  profession  and  that  our  Army  is  compar- 
able to  the  armies  of  the  world  as  our  Government  compares  with 
the  other  governments." 

The  master  of  ceremonies  then  introduced  Mr.  C.  F.  McKim,  the 
architect  of  the  building,  as  follows: 

"  I  now  jliave  the  pleasure  of  presenting  the  architect  of  the  War 
College,  Mr.  Charles  F.  McKim,  of  New  York  City,  to  whom  the 
Secretary  of  War  confided  the  duty  of  locating  the  War  College 
5 


18 

on  the  reservation,  and  preparing  the  architectural  phms  for  tlie 
construction  of  the  college  and  engineer  school.  He  has  treated  the 
military  reservation  as  a  single  plat  and  so  arranged  the  character 
and  location  of  the  different  buildings  of  the  two  s^^stems  of  instruc- 
tion as  to  form  one  harmonious  whole,  bearing  proper  relations 
with  the  proposed  future  parking  plans  of  the  city  of  Washington. 
"I  know  his  labor  has  been  one  of  love,  controlled  by  architec- 
tural talents  of  the  highest  order,  and  I  feel  assured  that  when  his 
work  is  completed,  under  the  competent  supervision  of  Capt.  John 
Stephen  Sewell,  Corps  of  Engineers,  the  officer  selected  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  to  take  charge  of  the  construction  of  the  building, 
his  ideals  of  utility  and  artistic  effect  will  be  fully  and  completelv 
realized." 

Mr.  McKim  gracefully  acknowledged  the  introduction,  but  made 
no  address. 

The  master  of  ceremonies  then  said: 

"The  laying  of  the  corner  stone  will  now  take  place  according 
to  Masonic  rites.  The  gavel  which  will  be  used  is  the  identical 
one  that  was  used  Iw  George  Washington,  the  first  President  of  the 
United   States,  in  la3'ing  the  corner  stone  of  the  Capitol  building." 

The  stone  was  laid  according  to  Masonic  rites,  under  the  direction 
of  George  H.  Walker,  grand  master  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  F.  A. 
A.  M.,  of  the  District  of  (yolumbia,  assisted  by  the  officers  of  that 
lodge. 

Grand  Master  George  H.  Walker,  upon  being  introduced  by  Gen- 
eral Gillespie,  took  position  to  the  east  of  the  corner  stone  facing  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  with  Deputy  Grand  Master  James  A. 
Wetmore  on  his  right.  Grand  Senior  Warden  Lurtin  R.  (linn  to  the 
west  of  the  stone,  Acting  Grand  Junior  Warden  Frank  H.  Thomas  to 
the  south  of  the  stone,  the  grand  deacons  crossing  their  rods  over 


19 

the  j«r!iiid  iiuistcr,  while  the  <;nuul  stewiirds  performed  like  service 
respectinjr  the  senior  <>Tund  wiirden,  the  reiiiuiniiio-  officei'js  of  the 
grand  lodge  being  grouped  to  the  right  or  left  of  the  grand  master. 
The  "lesser  lights"  were  properly  arranged. 

The  acting  grand  chaplain,  Rev.  Daniel  W.  Skellenger,  pastor  of 
the  Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  offered  the  following  invocation: 

"Abnighty  God!  we  adore  Thee  as  the  Creator  of  all  things. 
When  we  consider  the  heavens,  the  work  of  Thy  fingers,  the  sun  and 
moon,  which  Thou  hast  ordained,  we  are  constrained  to  cry,  '  What  is 
man,  that  Thou  art  mindful  of  him?'  Yet,  Thou  hast  made  him  but 
little  less  than  divine,  putting  him  over  the  work  of  Thy  hand.  Oh, 
Lord,  how  excellent  is  Thy  name  in  all  the  earth!  We  praise  Thee 
for  this  great  temple  of  the  universe— this  great  educational  struc- 
ture—the corner  stone  of  which  Thou  didst  lay  when  the  morning 
stars  sang  together.  We  thank  Thee  for  faith,  hope,  and  love,  the 
corner  stone  of  which  spiritual  building  Thou  didst  lay  on  Zion's 
hill — a  tried  stone,  a  precious  corner  stone,  a  sure  foundation.  We 
thank  Thee  for  the  heritage  that  has  come  down  to  us- -the  heritage 
of  patriotism  and  piety.  We  thank  Thee  for  the  noble  men  who 
lived  and  suffered  and  died  for  the  principles  of  American  liberty. 
We  pray  Thee  to  inspire  us  of  the  present  with  these  same  principles, 
that  this  nation  may  extend  the  blessings  of  religion  to  all  the  earth. 
Bless  the  Chief  Executive,  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army  and 
Navy.  Bless  those  in  the  Army  and  those  out  of  it;  make  all  true 
citizens  of  this  great  Republic.  Bless,  we  beseech  Thee,  all  who 
make  and  all  who  execute  our  laws.  Bless  this  occasion,  all  who 
participate  in  it,  and  the  grand  lodge  in  the  performance  of  this  duty. 
May  this  institution  become  not  only  a  source  of  instruction,  but  a 
power  that  shall  make  for  peace,  purity,  and  piety  in  our  Army  and 
among  all  our  citizens.  To  this  end  may  the  thoughts  of  our  hearts, 
the  words  of  our  lips,  and  the  work  of  our  hands  contribute,  and  to 
the  one  Triune  God  shall  be  all  the  praise.     Amen." 


20 

(jRAM)  Master.  Right  Worshipful  Grand  Treasurer,  you  will 
deposit  in  the  ease  the  several  articles  as  they  are  called  by  the  right 
worshipful  grand  secretary. 

Grand  Secretary  A.  W.  Johnston  read  the  following  list,  and  the 
several  articles  as  called  were  placed  in  the  receptacle  by  Grand 
Treasurer  James  A.  Sample: 

Copies  of  letters,  etc.,  showing  history  of  the  project. 

Blueprint  showing  the  proposed  arrangement  of  building. 

Blueprint  showing  revised  plan  of  general  layout  of  Washington 
Barracks. 

Army  Register  of  1902. 

Copies  of  general  orders  announcing  system  of  instruction  of  arm^^ 
officers,  and  detail  of  officers  as  members  of  War  College  Board. 

Congressional  Director}^,  Fifty -seventh  Congress,  second  session. 

Annual  reports  of  Secretary  of  War  for  the  years  1901  and  1902. 

Photographs  of  present  buildings. 

Coins. 

Copies  of  newspapers. 

Tracing  of  old  map  of  post  of  Washington  Barracks. 

Tracing  showing  location  of  the  corner  stone. 

Copy  of  printed  programme  of  ceremonies. 

Photos  of  tracings,  showing  general  layout  of  buildings. 

Photos  showing  methods  of  construction  of  foundation  for  the 
Engineer  School. 

Photos  of  general  drawings  of  War  College  building. 

Copy  of  constitution  of  grand  lodge,  1901. 

Copy  of  printed  proceedings  of  the  grand  lodge,  1901. 

Copy  of  Masonic  Calendar,  1903. 

Speech  of  Secretary  Elihu  Root. 

Speech  of  Maj.  Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young. 

The  workman  then  swung  the  stone  into  position  and  lowered  it 
by  three  distinct  motions  to  its  proper  place  at  the  corner  of  the 
foundation,  the  band  meanwhile  pla^ang  soft  music  ("America'"). 


21 

Architect  McKim  addres.sod  the  grand  master: 

"Most  Worshipful,  the  necessary  preparations  havino-  l)een  made 
for  layino-  the  '  foundation  stone'  of  tliis  edifice,  I  present  you  the 
square,  U^vel,  and  plum!),  those  useful  inii)l('iu(Mits  of  the  craft,  by 
which  von  will  1)e  able  to  ascertain  that  the  material  which  is  to 
constitute  tlie  chief  corner  stone  of  the  future  edifice  and  which  you 
are  about  to  la}-  in  its  appropriate  position,  is  'Well  formed,  true, 
and  trusty.'" 

The  grand  master  handed  the  s(iuar<'  to  the  d(>puty  grand  master, 
the  level  to  the  senior  grand  Avarden,  and  the  i)lunib  to  the  junior 
grand  Avarden. 

Grand  Master.  Right  Worshipful  Deputy  Grand  Master,  what  is 
the  proper  implement  or  jewTl  of  your  office? 

Deputy  Grand  Master.  The  square,  Most  Worshipful. 

Grand  Master.  What  are  its  moral  and  Masonic  uses? 

Deputy  (jrand  Master.  To  square  our  actions  by  the  square  of 
virtue  and  to  prove  our  work  when  finished. 

Grand  Master.  Apply  the  implement  of  your  office  to  the 
foundation  stone,  and  make  report. 

Deputy  Grand  Master.  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master,  1  find 
the  stone  to  be  square.     Tlie  craftsmen  have  performed  their  duty. 

Grand  Master.  Right  Worshipful  Senior  Grand  Warden,  what  is 
the  proper  implement  or  jewel  of  your  office? 

Senior  Grand  Warden.  The  level,  Most  Worshipful. 

Grand  Master,  What  is  its  Masonic  use? 

Senior  Grand  Warden.  Morally,  it  reminds  us  of  equality,  and 
its  use  is  to  prove  horizontals. 

Grand  Master.  Apply  the  implement  of  your  office  to  the  founda- 
tion stone,  and  make  report. 

Senior  Grand  Warden.  Most  Worshipful  (rrand  Master.  I  lind 
the  stone  to  be  level.     The  craftsmen  have  performed  their  duty. 

Grand  Master.  Right  Worshipful  Junior  Grand  Warden,  what  is 
the  proper  implement  or  jewel  of  A'our  ofBce? 


22 

Junior  Grand  Warden.   The  pluinb,  Most  Worshipful. 

Grand  Master.  What  is  its  Masonic  use? 

Junior  Grand  Warden.  Morally,  it  teaches  us  rectitude  of 
conduct,  and  its  use  is  to  try  perpendiculars. 

Grand  Master.  Apply  the  implement  of  your  office  to  the  several 
edo-es  of  the  foundation  stone,  and  make  report. 

Junior  Grand  Warden.  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master,  I  tind 
the  stone  to  be  plumlx     The  craftsmen  have  performed  their  duty. 

Grand  Master.  This  corner  stone  has  been  tested  by  the  proper 
implements  of  operative  Masonry,  and  1  find  that. the  craftsmen  have 
skillfully  and  faithfully  performed  their  duty.  I  therefore  declare 
the  stone  to  be  well  formed,  true  and  trusty,  and  correctly  laid 
according  to  the  rules  of  our  ancient  craft.  May  the  all-bounteous 
Author  of  Nature  assist  in  the  ere(;tion  and  completion  of  this 
building,  protecting  the  workmen  from  every  accident,  and  may 
He  long  preserve  this  structure  from  decay. 

Junior  Grand  Warden.  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master,  it  has 
been  the  immemorial  custom  to  scatter  corn  as  an  emblem  of  nourish- 
ment.    I  therefore  present  you  this  vessel  of  corn. 

Grand  Master.  In  the  name  of  the  Great  Jehovah,  to  Whom  be 
all  honor  and  glory,  I  now  scatter  this  corn,  and  invoke  a  contiiuia- 
tion  of  the  prosperity  and  manifold  blessings  which  He  has  unceas- 
ingly bestowed  upon  our  country  and  its  people. 

Senior  Grand  Warden.  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master,  wine, 
the  eml)lem  of  refreshment,  having  been  used  mystically  by  our 
ancient  brethren,  1  present  you  with  this  vessel  of  wine. 

Grand  Master.  In  the  name  of  the  Holy  Saints  John,  I  pour 
out  this  wine  to  virtue.  May  the  Giver  of  every  good  and  perfect 
gift  ])less  and  prosper  all  our  undertakings  and  inspire  the  present 
generation  with  wisdom  and  virtue  to  transmit  to  the  latest  posterit}^, 
unimpaired,  so  priceless  an  heritage. 

Dki'UTY  Grand  Master.    Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master,  I  pre- 


23 

sent  you,  to  be  used  uccordino-  to  our  iiucient  custfjni,  this  vessel 
of  oil. 

Grand  Mastku.  I  pour  out  this  oil,  iui  einhlein  of  joy.  May 
health,  prosperity,  und  peace — symbolized  ])y  corn,  wine,  and  oil — 
plenteously  abound  throughout  the  length  and  l)r<'adth  of  our  land. 
May  the  Great  Ruler  of  the  Universe  bless  and  consecrate  the 
edifice  which  shall  grandly  rise  on  this  foundation  stone  to  the  use 
of  the  defenders  of  our  country  until  that  glorious  day  when 
"nation  shall  not  lift  up  sword  against  nation,  neither  shall  they 
learn  war  any  more."  And  may  He  preserve  our  free  institutions, 
to  the  end  that  "government  of  the  people,  b}-  the  people,  and  for 
the  people,"  sj-mbolized  in  all  the  teachings  of  Masonry,  "shall  not 
perish  from  the  earth." 

Tlic  grand  master  struck  the  stone  three  times  with  his  gavel, 
using  the  one  wdiich  was  prepared  for  President  Washington,  wdien, 
as  acting  grand  master  of  ^lasons,  he  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the 
United  States  Capitol,  September  18,  1793. 

The  grand  master  then  returned  the  square,  level,  and  plumb  to  the 
architect  and  addressed  him  as  follows: 

"Worthy  sir,  having  thus,  as  grand  master  of  Masons,  laid  the 
foundation  stone  of  this  structure,  1  now  deliver  these  implements  of 
your  profession  into  your  hands,  intrusting  you  with  the  superin- 
tendence and  direction  of  the  work,  having  full  confidence  in  your 
skill  and  capacit}'  to  conduct  the  same." 

Music,  "Columbia,  the  Gem  of  the  Ocean."  })y  the  band. 

The  grand  master,  advancing  to  the  rostrum,  spoke  as  follows: 
"Mr.  President,  Ladies,  and  Gentlemen:  Be  it  known  unto 
you  that  we  be  laAvful  Masons,  true  and  faithful  to  the  laws  of  our 
country.  The  ceremonies  of  laying  the  corner  stones  of  public 
buildings  have  come  down  to  us  from  time  inunemorial  and  are  in 
themselves  invaluable  to  us  as  purely  symbolic  of  that  spiritual  build- 


24 

ino-  which  each  one  of  us  is  eno-ao-ed  in  erectiiiydiirino-  our  natural  life; 
and  as  in  this  temporal  building-  about  to  ))e  erected  we  have  proved 
the  chief  corner  stone  to  be  well  formed,  true,  and  trusty,  let  each 
one  of  us  be  sure  that  in  the  spiritual  ))uildin<>-  our  chief  corner  stone 
be  likewise  well  formed,  true,  and  trusty. 

"When  the  seat  of  the  National  Government  was  located  upon  the 
banks  of  the  Potomac  the  corner  stones  of  the  public  buildings  and 
the  principal  monuments  marking  the  boundaries  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  were,  at  the  request  of  President  Washington,  laid  with 
Masonic  honors.  The  corner  stone  of  the  United  States  Capitol 
was  laid  September  18,  1793,  by  President  Washington  himself, 
acting  as  grand  master  of  Masons,  and  for  that  purpose  this  gavel 
was  made  and  used  by  him  on  that  occasion.  After  the  ceremonies 
President  Washington  presented  the  gavel  to  Potomac  Lodge  of 
Masons  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  whom  it  has  been  cherished 
ever  since.  During  the  one  hundred  and  ten  years  that  have  passed 
it  has  many  times  been  used  in  the  laying  of  corner  stones  of  public 
buildings  and  the  dedication  of  public  edifices  in  various  parts  of 
the  country  by  or  in  the  presence  of  many  of  our  ('hief  Magis- 
trates and  other  dignitaries  of  the  nation.  It  is  ))y  courtesy  of 
Potomac  Lodge  that  it  is  allowed  to  grace  this  occasion.  It  is 
peculiarly  fitting  that  this  sacred  relic  should  be  used  at  this  time 
in  laying  the  corner  stone  of  a  building  to  be  devoted  to  the  science 
of  war,  for  around  it  clusters  the  memory  of  him  who  first  taught 
American  freemen  the  art  of  war;  not  for  conquest,  ))ut  that  the 
principles  of  liberty,  equality,  and  fraternity,  which  are  cardinal 
principles  in  all  the  teachings  of  Masonry,  should  not  cease  to  be 
known  among  men."" 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  Masonic  ceremonies,  the  master  of 
ceremonies  said: 

"The  exei-cises  will  conclude  with  a  benediction  by  the  Right 
Reverend  the  Bishop  of  Washington.'' 


25 

The  ])enediction  was  a.s  follows: 

''The  God  of  peace,  Who  brought  aj^jiin  from  tlie  dead  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  the  great  Shepherd  of  the  Sheep,  through  the  blood  of 
the  everlasting  covenant,  make  us  perfect  in  every  good  work  to 
do  llis  will,  woi'kiiig  in  us  that  which  is  well  pleasing  in  His  sight, 
through  Jesus  C'hrist  our  Lord.     Aukmi/" 

The  part  assigned  to  the  troops  is  indicated  in  the  order  of  the 
day,  and  the  letter  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  light  ))attery, 
which  are  appended  hereto. 

The  organizations  taking  part  in  the  ceremony  were  the  following: 

Third  Battalion  of  Engineers,  Maj.  W.  M.  Black,  Corps  of 
Engineers,  commanding. 

Detachment  from  Frankford  Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Capt. 
O.  M.  Lissak,  Ordnance  Department,  commanding. 

One  company  of  Signal  Corps,  Fort  Myer,  Va.,  First  Lieut. 
B.  O.  Lenoir,  Signal  Corps,  commanding. 

Troop  F,  Second  Cavalry,  Fort  Myer,  Va.,  Capt.  Lloyd  M.  Brett 
commanding. 

Second  Cavalry  band,  Fort  Myer,  Va. 

Forty-fourth  Company,  Coast  Artillery,  Fort  Washington,  i\ld., 
Capt.  L.  C.   Brown,  Artillery  Corps,  commanding. 

Fourth  Battery,  Field  Artillery,  Fort  Myer,  Va.,  Capt.  S.  M. 
Foote,  Artillery  Corps,  commanding. 

Company  G,  Eighth  Infantry,  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.,  Capt.  C.  W. 
Kennedy  commanding. 

One  company  of  Hospital  Corps,  Washington  Barracks,  D.  C,  Capt. 
Frederick  P.  Reynolds  commanding. 

The  grand  lodge  was  escorted  from  the  Masonic  Temple  to  Wash- 
ington Barracks  by  Washington  Commandery,  No.  1,  Knights  Tem- 
plar, with  nuisic  by  the  United  States  Cavalry  band  from  Fort 
Myer,  Va.,  and  was  saluted  l»y  the  troops  stationed  at  the  barracks. 


■  26 

The  following  persons  were  provided  with  seats  on  the  President's 
stand: 

The  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Hon.  John  Hay,  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Hon.  Leslie  M.  Shaw,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War. 

The  Hon.  P.  C.  Knox,  Attorney-General. 

The  Hon.  H.  C.  Payne,  Postmaster-General. 

The  Hon.  W.  H.  Moody,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

The  Hon.  E.  A.  Hitchcock,  Secretar}^  of  the  Interior. 

The  Hon.  James  Wilson,  Secretary  of  Ag-riciilture. 

The  Hon.  George  15.  Cortelj^ou,  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 

The  Hon.  W.  C.  Sanger,  Assistant  Secretary  of  War. 

l^rig.  Gen.  G.  L.  Gillespie,  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  master 
of  ceremonies. 

Maj.  Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young,  U.  S.  Army,  president  of  War  College 
Board. 

Right  Rev.  Henry  Y.  Satterlee,  Bishop  of  Washington  (invocation 
and  benediction). 

Mr.  C.  F.  McKim,  architect. 

Mr.  W.  R.  Mead,  architect. 

Mr.  George  H.  Walker,  grand  master  of  Masons. 

Admiral  George  Dewey,  U.  S.  Nav}'. 

Lieut.  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles,  U.  S.  Army. 

Maj.  Gen.  H.  C.  Corbin,  Adjutant-General  U.  S.  Army. 

Maj.  Gen.  A.  R.  Chaffee,  U.  S.  Army,  commanding  the  Department 
of  the  P:ast. 

The  Hon.  William  P.  Frye,  President  pro  tempore  of  the  United 
States  Senate. 

The  Hon.  David  B.  Henderson,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

The  Hon.  Jos(>pli  R.  Hawley,  chairman  of  the  Senate  Military 
Committee. 


27 

The  Hon.  Jolm  A.  T.  Hull,  cliuiniiaii  of  the  Hoii.sc  Military 
Committee. 

The  Hon.  "William  B.  Allison,  cluiiinian  of  the  Semite  Committee 
on  Appropriations. 

The  Hon.  Joseph  (}.  Cannon,  chairman  of  the  House  Committee 
on  Appropriations. 

Brig.  Gen.  W.  H.  Carter,  U.  S.  Army;  Brig.  Gen.  Tasker  H. 
Bliss,  U.  S.  Army;  Brig.  Gen.  W.  F.  Randolph,  Chief  of  Artillery, 
U.  S.  Army;  Maj.  Henry  A.  Greene,  U.  S.  Infantry,  Assistant 
Adjutant-General;  Maj.  William  D.  Beach,  Tenth  Cavalry,  U.  S. 
Army,  members  of  the  War  College  Board. 

Col.  Theodore  A.  Bingham,  U.  S.  Army;  Capt.  W.  S.  Cowles,  U.  S. 
Navy;  and  three  members  of  the  secret  service,  with  the  President. 

Maj.  Frederic  V.  Abbot,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army;  Capt. 
Mason  M.  Patrick,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  aids  to 
General  Gillespie. 

The  subordinate  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  Avere  also 
seated  on  the  President's  stand,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
corner  stone. 

The  following  officers  acted  as  ushers  on  the  two  stands: 

Capt.  Charles  C.  Clark,  Fifth  Infantry,  U.  S.  Army. 

Capt.  John  W.  Joyes,  Ordnance  Department. 

Capt.  John  R.  Procter,  jr..  Artillery  Corps,  U.  S.  Army. 

First  Lieut.  Henry  W.  Stamford,  Signal  Corps,  U.  S.  Army. 

First  Lieut.  E.  D.  Kilbourne,  Medical  Department. 

First  Lieut.  Philip  W.  Huntington,  Medical  Department. 

Second  Lieut.  J.  O.  Steger,  Artillery  Corps,  U.  S.  Army. 

Second  Lieut.  John  H.  Poole,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 

Second  Lieut.  Henry  C.  Jewett,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 

Second  Lieut.  William  L.  Guthrie,  Corps  of  Engineeers,  U.  S. 
Army. 

Second  Lieut.  E.  J.  Pike,  Second  Cavalry,  U.  S.  Army. 


28 

The  Chief  of  Engineers  had  for  his  aids  on  this  occasion  the 
following'  officers: 

Maj.  Frederic  V.  Abbot,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Arm3\ 
Capt.  Mason  M.  Patrick,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 
Capt.  John  Stephen  Sewell,  Corps  of  P^ngineers,  U.  S.  Army. 

The  arrangements  made  for  expeditiously  handling  the  corner 
stone  were  very  complete. 

The  sky  was  overcast,  there  was  a  melting  snow  on  the  ground, 
and  the  wind  was  somewhat  penetrating.  Otherwise,  the  weather 
was  good,  and  the  programme  of  exercises  was  carried  out  as 
planned  without  mishap  or  mistake. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  state  that  the  movements  prescribed  for  the 
troops  in  the  order  of  the  day  were  executed  with  admirable  pre- 
cision. 

In  order  to  expedite  the  setting  of  the  stone,  it  had  been  pre- 
viously put  in  place  and  leveled  up  on  steel  wedges,  which  were 
cemented  in  place.  At  the  ceremony  the  stone  was  simply  lowered 
into  place  on  these  wedges.  As  soon  as  the  ceremony  was  over, 
the  bed  joint  was  calked  full  of  mortar  and  the  cavity  about  the 
cast  bronze  box  containing  the  inclosures  was  grouted,  so  the  stone 
was  never  moved  again  after  it  was  once  lowered  into  place. 

Much  credit  is  due  to  Capt.  John  Stephen  Sewell,  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers, U.  S.  Army,  for  the  very  complete  and  satisfactory  way  in 
which  the  details  for  the  exercises  were  planned  and  executed. 


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ORDER  OK  THE  DAY. 


Headquauteks,  Coiirs  of  P^ngineeks, 

United  States  Army, 
W((s/t;?u/fo/t^  Fehruanj  7,  190.] . 
Tlie  followino-  orders  will  be  observed  by  ail  organizations  partiei- 
patiiic^  in  tlie  laying-  of  the  corner  stone  of  the  Army  War  College 
building,  at  Washington  Barracks,  D.  C. : 

1.  The  Masonic  delegations  are  requested  to  l)e  in  position  a)»out 
the  corner  stone  not  later  than  11.20  a.  m,,  February  21,  1908. 

2.  All  troops  will  appear  under  arms,  in  overcoats.  Foot  troops 
will  not  wear  leggings. 

3.  The  commanding  officer  of  Troop  F,  Second  U.  S.  Cavalry,  will 
report,  with  his  troop,  for  duty  as  escort  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  to  Col.  Theodore  A.  Bingliam,  military  aid  to  the 
President,  at  the  north  front  of  the  White  House,  not  later  tlian  11 
a.  m.,  February  21,  1903. 

The  route  of  the  escort  will  be  hy  Pennsjdvania  avenue  and  Four- 
and-a-half  street  to  Washington  Barraclvs,  the  gait  ])eing  a  trot,  as  far 
as  practicalde.  Within  the  reservation  the  route  will  be  by  the  main 
road,  in  front  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters,  to  the  north  front 
of  the  quadrangle,  thence  east  to  the  road  in  front  of  the  barrack 
buildings,  thence  north  on  this  road  until  the  President's  carriage  stops 
in  front  of  the  entrance  to  the  site  of  the  corner  stone,  the  formation 
in  column  being  preserved. 

The  commanding  officer  of  the  escort  will  detail  two  noncommis- 
sioned officers,  distinguished  for  thoii- skill  as  liorsemcMi,  to  ride  at  the 

29 


30 

heads  of  the  President's  carriage  horses,  to  control  them  in  case  the}'^ 
are  frightened  by  the  tiring  of  the  salutes,  or  for  any  other  cause. 
Two  privates  should  be  similarly  detailed  for  every  other  carriage  in 
the  President's  part}^,  as  it  is  especially  desira})le  to  have  no  runaways 
or  accidents. 

During  the  ceremonies  the  escort  will  take  such  position  and  for- 
mation as  may  be  convenient  o)i  the  parade  north  of  the  position 
herein  prescribed  for  the  foot  troops;  it  will  be  held  ready  to  form 
column  again  at  a  moment's  notice  to  escort  the  President  back  to  the 
White  House.  The  return  route  will  be  by  the  road  last  mentioned 
above  to  its  junction  with  the  main  road  northeast  of  the  commanding- 
officer's  quarters,  thence  back  to  the  White  House  by  Four-and-a-half 
street  and  Pennsylvania  avenue. 

Line  will  be  formed  and  salutes  rendered  only  on  receiving  and 
leaving  the  President  at  the  White  House.  After  leaving  the  Presi- 
dent there,  the  escort  will  be  dismissed. 

4.  The  commanding  officer,  Fourth  Battery,  Light  Artillery,  will 
report  with  his  battery  at  Washington  Barracks  not  later  than  11 
a.  m.,  Fel)ruary  21,  1903.  He  will  form  in  battery,  facing  west,  on 
the  parade  south  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters  and  west  of  the 
main  road.  He  will  fire  the  prescril)ed  salutes  as  the  President  enters 
and  leaves  the  reservation.  He  will  remain  in  the  position  prescril)ed 
until  the  parting  salute  is  tired,  when  the  battery  will  return  to  its 
proper  station.  He  will  commence  tiring  as  the  President's  flag  is 
run  to  the  top  of  the  flagstafl',  and  again  as  the  President's  carriage 
starts  on  the  return  trip,  after  the  conclusion  of  the  exercises.  The 
first  salute  should  be  completed,  if  possible,  by  the  time  the  Presi- 
dent's carriage  arrives  opposite  the  position  of  the  battery,  and  the 
second  b}"  the  time  he  leaves  the  reservation. 

5.  All  the  foot  troops  participating  in  tlio  exercises  will  be  reported 
to  the  conunanding  officer  at  Washington  Barracks  not  later  than  11 
a.  m.,  February  21,  11»(»3.     He  will  form  them  into  one  or  two  bat- 


81 

talions,  accoidino'  to  the  total  miiiihor  pivscnt.  The  foot  troops  will 
be  formed  in  line  not  later  than  11.15  a.  ni.,  facinf^  west,  on  the  cast 
side  of  the  main  road,  with  the  right  at  the  point  just  south  of  the 
circle  in  front  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters.  The}'^  will  here 
await  the  arrival  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  rendering  the 
prescribed  honors  as  ho  passes.  Immediately  thereafter  they  will  be 
formed  in  close  column  or  column  of  masses,  right  in  front,  facing 
east,  opposite  the  entrance  to  the  site  of  the  corner  stone.  Here  they 
will  remain,  at  ease,  ])ut  perfectly  quiet,  during  the  ceremonies.  The 
formajtion  from  line  into  column  must  be  completed  I)}-  the  time  the 
Presidential  party  is  seated  on  the  stand.  The  time  is  very  short,  and 
the  commanding  officer  will  carefully  consider  and  adopt  the  most 
expeditious  method  of  accomplishing  the  necessary  change  of  forma- 
tion.    The  movement  will  be  at  double  time,  if  necessary. 

The  Engineer  band  will  take  post  just  inside  the  entrance  to  the 
site  of  the  corner  stone,  leaving  room  for  persons  to  pass  in  and  out, 
to  and  from  the  reviewing  stand.  It  will,  in  this  position,  render  the 
necessar}'  musical  selections,  at  the  proper  times,  in  accordance  with 
signals  to  be  prearranged.  To  avoid  loss  of  time,  the  band  will  pro- 
ceed by  the  most  direct  line  to  its  position  after  the  President  has 
passed  the  line  of  troops,  so  that  it  will  be  in  position  immediately 
after  the  Presidential  party  has  been  seated. 

Just  before  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremonies,  the  foot  troops  will 
be  formed  in  line  again  by  deploying  on  the  leading  company.  The 
band  will  at  the  same  time  take  its  place  in  line.  The  prescribed 
honors  will  be  rendered  as  the  President  again  passes  in  front  of  the 
troops,  after  which  all  except  the  band  will  be  dismissed.  The  band 
will  remain  in  position,  playing  appropriate  selections,  until  the  audi- 
ence has  dispersed. 

The  President's  flag  will  be  furnished  to  the  commanding  officer  at 
Washington  Barracks.  This  will  be  run  up  as  the  President  enters 
the  reservation,  and  will  be  the  signal  for  the  light  battery  to  com- 


32 

luence  firino-.  The  commanding  officer  at  Wa.sliington  Barracks  will 
arrange  for  the  transmission  of  the  necessary  signals  from  the  gate  as 
the  President  enters  it. 

As  soon  as  the  President  leaves  the  post,  his  flag  will  be  lowered 
and  returned  to  the  officer  in  charge  of  pu])lic  buildings  and  grounds, 
])y  the  commanding  officer  at  Washington  Barracks. 

0.  The  commanding  officer  at  AVashington  Barracks  will  detail  at 
least  eight  noncommissioned  officers  of  good  appearance  to  act  as 
gate  keepers  at  the  entrances  to  the  reviewing  stand.  They  should 
include  representatives  from  each  branch  of  the  service. 

He  will  also  detail  about  fifteen  selected  privates  for  sentrj'^  duty 
about  the  site  of  the  corner  stone;  these  men  should  also  represent  all 
branches  of  the  service. 

These  noncommissioned  officers  and  enlisted  men  should  report  to 
the  constructing  engineer  for  special  instructions  not  later  than  10.30 
a.  m.,  February  21,  11)03. 

7.  The  band  from  Fort  Myer  will  furnish  the  necessary  music  for 
the  grand  lodge  and  escort,  on  their  way  to  and  from  the  grounds  at 
Washington  Barracks,  in  accordance  with  special  instructions  to  be 
issued  later. 

8.  Special  instructions  for  the  aides  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  and 
for  the  Engineer  band  will  be  issued  in  due  season. 

B}^  authorit}^  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 

G.  L.  Gillespie, 
Braj.  Gen.,  Chief  of  EnginctTS, 

U.  S.  Army., 
blaster  of  Ceremonies. 


Route  off^vsn^entefi/eriny  post 
'      '         •  lei/viny    • 

t^^siliai.  red.  Trofjpfi  in  fine  (asaia/efhesident  entering 
2"*  bfii&  Troop.^  ut  ma^s  diirinQcefe/noiiij 

3  gn'enJhH^m  tinetO'Salul^^'iUientf  earing 

A.EtwifteerBant/ 
BJCCo.  1 
C/^Co.    \3"-BattEnff>s 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  LTNITED  STATES 

SUCCESSIVE  POSITIONS  OF  TROOPS 


D.LCb. 

KM  Co. 

F  Uetar/imp/it  SianatCwvff. 

G  a  Co.  dVnfaTdry. 

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A'  HoyHtalComff. 

I  4"Batf.pfv/teidAndtery. 

M  Thxp  2'^Cmf///Y  ( PresidmtsKscml  I 

.\  Cornerstone 


Majcrt- WILLIAM  MURRAY  BLACK, 

Corps  of  Engineers, 

U.S.Anny. 


LETTER  TO  COMMANDING  OFFICER  OF  THE  LIGHT  BATTERY. 


U.  S.  Engineer  Office  for  erection  of 
New  Building  for  Government  Printing  Office, 

AYaddngton,  D.  C,  Fehruary  llf.,  1903. 

Captain:  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  February  7,  1903,  1  have  to 
request  that  you  will  report  with  your  battery  at  Washing-ton 
Barraeks,  I).  C,  not  later  than  10.45  a.  m.,  Fel)ruary  21,  1903;  that 
you  form  in  battery  facing  east  on  the  east  side  of  the  main  road  as 
near  to  the  north  end  of  the  reservation  as  practicable  and  as  far 
east  of  the  main  road  as  practicable;  this  position  is  to  be  in  lieu 
of  the  (5ne  prescribed  in  orders  of  the  day,  a  copy  of  which  was 
sent  3'ou  on  J'ebruary  6,  1903.  In  this  position  3^011  will  lire  the 
national  salute  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  enters  the 
reservation.  The  first  gun  should  not  be  fired  until  the  President's 
carriage  is  opposite  the  center  of  the  battery,  and  the  remaining 
guns  fired  at  suitable  intervals  as  he  moves  on  toward  the  site  of 
the  corner  stone. 

The  commanding  officer  at  Washington  Barracks  will  arrange  to 
transmit  a  signal  to  you  as  the  President  enters  his  carriage  to 
leave  the  post,  and  you  are  requested  to  fire  the  first  gun  of  the 
parting  salute  upon  the  receipt  of  this  signal.  The  entire  parting 
salute  should  be  completed,  if  possible,  by  the  time  the  President's 
carriage  reaches  the  gate  of  the  reservation. 

33 


^8'7203 


34 

The  firing  of  the  two  salutes,  as  the  President  enters  and  leaves  the 
reservation,  will  comprise  the  entire  duty  of  your  battery  on  this 
occasion.  After  the  firing  of  the  second  salute,  you  will  please  take 
your  battery  to  its  proper  station. 

By  command  of  Brigadier-General  Gillespie: 
Very  respectfully, 

John  Stephen  Sewei.l, 

Capta'm^  Corps  of  Engineers^ 

Personal  Aide. 

Capt.  S.  M.  FooTE, 

Art'dlery  Corps,  U.  S.  Army, 

Comdg.  Fourth  Battery,  Field  Artillery, 
Fort  Myer,  Va. 


o 


2  7  4  i     S 


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'413 

7U5     U.   S.     Engineer 
dept .   - 

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stone   oftheArinjr,^ls^i:^ 
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